MODERN TEACHING METHODOLOGY FOR THE TOPIC OF HALOGENS IN HIGHER EDUCATION BASED ON THE PISA APPROACH

Abstract

This article explores methodological approaches to teaching the topic of
halogens in higher education, based on the principles of the international PISA (Programme for
International Student Assessment) framework. The focus is on developing students' functional
literacy, critical thinking, and problem-solving skills through real-life examples and scientific
reasoning. A particular emphasis is placed on demonstrating how hazardous elements like sodium
and chlorine can form essential compounds like table salt (NaCl), helping students connect
chemical theory with practical life. The paper also discusses the implementation of interactive
methods, digital tools, and project-based learning to enhance student engagement andxalqaro ilmiy-metodik jurnali
understanding. Recommendations are provided to align chemistry education in higher institutions 109
with modern international standards.