AHMAD DONISH’S SPIRITUAL AND MORAL VIEWS

Abstract

This article analyzes the spiritual and moral views of the prominent 19th

century educator, writer, and thinker Ahmad Mahdum Donish, based on his work Navodir-ul

vaqoe’. The relevance of such ethical concepts as contentment, nonviolence, tolerance,

forgiveness, moral maturity, and fitrah-based counsel is substantiated in the context of

contemporary social life