THE ROLE OF COGNITIVE APPROACH IN DEVELOPING STUDENTS' INDEPENDENT THINKING SKILLS

Abstract

The article examines the significance of the cognitive approach in modern
education and its contribution to developing students’ independent thinking. It presents both
theoretical and practical aspects of the cognitive approach, considering key components of the
learning process – perception, memory, thinking, attention – and their roles in student learning.
The paper offers examples of pedagogical technologies (interactive learning, problem-based
learning, project work) and metacognitive strategies that can foster students’ critical and
independent thinking. Drawing on experiences from Uzbekistan and international data (e.g. PISA
results), the study analyzes current achievements and challenges. In conclusion, recommendations
are made for creating a learner-centered educational environment that stimulates cognitive activity
and self-reliance, along with forecasts for the future of education.